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I recently discovered that some of my custom EPROMS from the 80's and 90's are exhibiting problems due to EPROM bit rot, which falls under the general category of data degredation...or 'data rot'.  Bit rot causes any programmed 0 bits to revert back to 1 bits, their un-programmed state.  The chip isn't actually harmed, it just loses its prorgamming. 

Here's a simple-but-effective Applesoft program that rigorously tests main memory.

In its first pass, the program uses Applesoft's pseudorandom number generator to fill addresses 4096 through 49151 ($1000 to $BFFF).

In its second pass, it resets the pseudorandom number generator and computes the same sequence again...but this time it compares the values that were previously stored in memory and detects any that don't match.

I'm aiming a little bit lower for my 2022 projects:

keyboard interfaces cards for vintage pre-MIDI music systems, the Passport Designs soundchaser and the Alpha Syntauri system

I have an existing passport interface card - acquired in early 2022 - which I can clone. Still hoping to find a soundchaser MX card as well.