French-ie, Newb-ie, Apple One-ie...

You're welcome, glad to help. I use this free VLC player too.

Correct link is .....................

http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/_Books/101_BASIC_Computer_Games_Mar75.pdf

Here is what Woz wrote about this book:

The computer I built didn't have a language yet. Back then, in 1975, a young guy named Bill Gates was starting to get a little bit of fame in our circles for writing a BASIC interpreter for the Altair. Our club had a copy of it on paper tape which could be read in with a teletype, taking about thirty minutes to complete.

Also, at around the same time a book called 101 Basic Computer Games came out. I could sniff the air.

That's why I decided BASIC would be the right language to write for the Apple I and its 6502 microprocessor. And I found out none existed for the 6502. That meant that if I wrote a BASIC program for it, mine could be the first. And I might even get famous for it. People would say, Oh, Steve Wozniak, he did the BASIC for the 6502.

Anyway, people who saw my computer could take one look at it and see the future. And it was a oneway door. Once you went through it, you could never go back.

[...]

Once the BASIC was done and easily loadable from a cassette tape, I discovered something terrible. I had miscalculated. I had thought that all versions of BASIC were more or less the same, and that all the 101 games in BASIC that I had in that book would automatically run if you typed them in. That turned out not to be the case. It turned out that the type of BASIC I'd written-as well as the HP BASIC I'd originally studied-was totally different from Bill Gates's Microsoft BASIC, which was based on the DEC BASIC at the time. Bummer!

Good video, it was nice to watch. I even wrote you a little bit there, which I do very rarely. Thanks for the Russian subtitles, they are much better than the ones created automatically by the YouTube algorithm. The last ones are closer to the Elvish language, or the language Master Yoda speaks, but it's definitely not Russian. )))

Very detailed video, thank you! The Russian subtitles are clear, but are missing in the little bit after you cleaned the soldering iron complaint. 

I would suggest to put some music on in the places where you don't say anything, because it's quite sad in silence....

Thank You! 

wirehead wrote:

A new épisode of the construction of my Apple 1, about the Carbon vintage Resistor :

French: Super vidéo, j'ai bien aimé les astuces de soudage et pour l'espacement des résistances. Je suis également en train de travailler sur une réplique. J'ai presque toutes les résistances au carbone également mais je n'ai pas encore commencé le soudage, donc cette vidéo arrive au bon moment.

English: Great video, I liked the soldering tips and tricks and for the spacing of resistors. I am also working on a replica. I have almost all carbon resistors as well but I haven't yet started soldering, so this comes in at a good time.

Lost me here:

"If one of these signals goes to zero, /VSYNC goes low, causing the LOAD function of pin /PE to go to zero via the diode, thus loading the counter to its initial state. "

I would think "If one of these signals goes to zero", the /PE (or LOAD pin) will go low, causing the preset on pins P0-P3 to be transferred to the outputs on Q0-Q3. If P1 and P3 are not connected as shown in the schematic, maybe they float high? In which case P3 -> Q3 which would cause /VSYNC to go high.

In post #66, 'wirehead' wrote:

" For its internal organization, the counter must start at a specific value.This value is indicated by the inputs P0, P1, P2, and P3, some of which are connected to ground. These starting values are activated when pin 9, which is the load pin (indicated here as /PE), briefly goes to zero. I suppose it has an internal pull-up, so its normal state is 1."

" Diodes CR1, CR2, and CR3 form an OR gate (indicated as "or" in English) "

Uncle Bernie comments:

"floating" inputs of TTL logic count as "H" = high = logic 1, and this is a trick that has been used since TTL appeared in Y1963. But contrary to popular belief, there is no internal pull-up. What really is there at the inputs of classic TTL gates is a multiemitter transistor with the emitters being the inputs. The transistor is turned on when enough current is being sucked out of the emitter. This then is the "low" level on that input, and the reason why it needs so much current being drawn. On the other hand, the "high" level on the input, once stabilized, only needs to deal with the reverse leakage currents of the base-emitter junction of this input transistor. Crude 1960 bipolar process technologies had high leakage currents, especially when hot, and this is where the double digit microamperes "H" level input current specifications come from. Early crude Schottky TTL was even worse in terms of leakage currents, due to the  input circuit topology being different und using leaky Schottky diodes. Most of these issues with leakage went away with improved wafer base materials and improved fabrication processes - the early TTLs were not really made in what we call "clean rooms" today. Look on youtube for videos showing early IC fabrication from the 1960s. You could do this in your garage if you had the "tools" and the chemicals (toxic !). This nonchalant attitude towards clean room cleanliness of the early days of the semiconductor industry probably was the reason why they were unable for a long time to produce useful MOS transistors, despite these had been patented in the 1920s, and their theory was well understood since the early 1960s when ICs took off.

It was soon found out that the floating input  trick does not lead to reliable "H" levels and thus compromizes noise immunity, especially when it's not just a floating pin directly at a TTL IC, with no PCB trace attached to it, but a floating input line having a PCB trace and/or  a wire wrap wire connected to it. This may pick up crosstalk from other signals and then the "H" of the floating input is not a "H" anymore, but a "maybe", often denoted as 'X'. This is somewhat OK as long as the input having logic level 'X' still produces the correct function - see older TTL data books which still had truth tables containing "0", "1", "X", "H", "L", "Z". Later TTL data books (beginning with early 1970s, Texas Instruments databooks) discouraged the practice to cobble together gates from diodes, and they also warned against floating inputs, of which the Apple-1 has many. They also discouraged direct connection of these floating inputs to VCC (+5V) and recommended a series resistor of about 1kOhm for each 10 such inputs. The concern obviously was what could happen during power up and power down cycles in a system having multiple +5V regulators, which may not come up or turn off at exactly the same time. The resistor would limit the current through the inputs to a safe value where the ICs would not get damaged in case of an input having power while the VCC pin of that IC still was at a lower voltage level. This is also related to the junction isolation of the TTLs and LSTTLs - and this junction isolation is the reason why they get so hot when being plugged in turned 180 degrees, with destructive consequences.

The three diodes in the Apple-1 sync circuit are not an "OR", they are  an "AND" - one of their cathodes being low makes the output of this diode gate low and this is logical AND.

Although this particular diode gate (you could  name it a "DTL" gate for "Diode Transistor Logic", because the anodes feed the emitter of a transistor within the TTL IC) never has caused issues with any of my Apple-1 builds, it is recommended to replace the PN junction diodes (1N914 or 1N4148) with Schottky diodes (1N5711) ... this will improve the noise immunity for the "low" level significantly, by about a factor of two. All my kits came with Schottky diodes, but just as a precaution.

As a final note, TTL and its sub-families like S, AS, LS, ALS, F, etc. are quite robust and forgiving and hence, the better choice for hobbyists working with vintage computers. All CMOS logic IC families meant to replace TTLs (like 74C, 74HC, 74HCT, 74AC, 74ACT ...) are much more sensitive and finicky and rude to the weakly designed power and ground lines of vintage TTL based computers. Only the 74HCT and 74ACT families have the correct logic level thresholds to work together with TTL. But all cause a lot of bounce and ringing on the power and ground lines and none of these CMOS families tolerates floating inputs well --- they can get quite hot when an input floats, by drawing excessive supply current, and worse, this floating input can assume any logic state depending on which vagabonding charges the input pin and / or its PCB trace did collect: literally, feeble leakage currents in the nA (nano-Ampere) range can play a role here. This is why the Apple-1 is unfit to take CMOS logic unless ALL floating inputs are connected to a solid logic level. And then, the problem with the VCC/GND bounce and ringing still persists.

Hope this helps you with what you are trying to investigate.

- Uncle Bernie