Appendices
Key Sequences
This table shows the many command key equivalents you can use in ZTerm.
Cmd-A - Select All.
Cmd-B - Send a BREAK.
Cmd-Shift-B - Send a long BREAK.
Cmd-C - Copy selection to clipboard.
Cmd-D - Open dialing directory.
Cmd-Shift-D - Dial Marked services.
Cmd-E - Edit Connection.
Cmd-Shift-E - Toggle local echo.
Cmd-F - Find.
Cmd-G - Find Again.
Cmd-H - Hangup.
Cmd-K - Keyboard Buffer (for online conferences).
Cmd-L - Clear the scroll buffer.
Cmd-Shift-L - Clear the screen and scroll buffer.
Cmd-M - Copy selection to modem.
Cmd-N - Append selection to file.
Cmd-Shift-N - Append selection to last append file for this service.
Cmd-P - Print Selection.
Cmd-Q - Quit.
Cmd-R - Receive file with default receive protocol for this service.
Cmd-S - Send file(s) with the default send protocol for this service.
Cmd-T - Send Text
Cmd-V - Paste to modem.
Cmd-W - Close Window.
Cmd-X - Cut the selection to the clipboard.
Cmd-Z - Undo (for desk accessories).
Cmd-UpArrow - Scroll up in the scroll buffer.
Cmd-DownArrow - Scroll down in the scroll buffer.
Cmd-Option-UpArrow - Scroll to top of scroll buffer.
Cmd-Option-DownArrow - Scroll to bottom of scroll buffer.
When the Dialing Directory window is in front:
Cmd-C - Edit connection settings.
Cmd-D - Dial highlighted service.
Cmd-M - Mark the highlighted service.
Cmd-Shift-M - Mark all services.
Cmd-N - Add a New service.
Cmd-Q - Queue dial (Dial marked services).
Cmd-S - Change to settings for the highlighted service.
Cmd-T - Terminal settings.
Cmd-U - UnMark the highlighted service.
Cmd-Shift-U - UnMark all services.
Space or Down Arrow - move highlight down.
Backspace or Up Arrow - move highlight up.
Shift Click - toggle the mark for the service.
Command Click - Make the service the startup default.
Any letter - move highlight to matching service name.
Double Click on a service - Edit connection settings.
Keyboard Mapping
For all keyboards:
Cmd-Enter send a break
Control-Space NUL
Control-2 NUL
Control-4 ^/ (FS)
Control-5 ^] (GS)
Control-6 ^^ (RS)
Control-7 ^_ (US)
Extended keyboard:
F1 VT220 F6 esc[17~
F2 VT220 F7 esc[18~
F3 VT220 F8 esc[19~
F4 VT220 F9 esc[20~
F5 VT220 F10 esc[21~
F6 VT220 F11 esc[23~
F7 VT220 F12 esc[24~
F8 VT220 F13 esc[25~
F9 VT220 F14 esc[26~
F10 VT220 F15 esc[28~
F11 VT220 F16 esc[29~
F12 VT220 F17 esc[31~
F13 VT220 F18 esc[32~
F14 VT220 F19 esc[33~
F15 VT220 F20 esc[34~
help VT220 Find
esc[1~
home VT220 Ins here
esc[2~
page up VT220 Remove esc[3~
del VT220 Sel
esc[4~
end VT220 Prev
esc[5~
page down VT220 Next
esc[6~
Error and Other Messages
During a File Transfer
CRC Err, Checksum Err - an error was encountered in the block of data
and it must be resent.
Got sector header xxx - an invalid character was received instead of
the start of block character.
Hdr CRC error, @ xxxx - an error occurred in the ZModem block header,
xxxx is the current position in the received file.
Data CRC error, @ xxxx - an error occurred in the ZModem data block,
xxxx is the current position in the received file.
No ACK on EOT - the receiver did not acknowledge the end of file
message.
Timeout on sector ACK - no acknowledge was received for the block in
the allotted time.
NAK on sector - the receiver got an error in the block and requests
retransmission.
Got burst for sector ACK - when waiting for the sector acknowledge,
several characters were received (perhaps from line noise).
No ACK, got a xxx - when waiting for acknowledge, the character xxx was
received.
Got ZRPOS = xxxx - the received got an error and requests
retransmission starting at file offset xxxx.
Error -120 or Directory Not Found - you probably need to set the
Receive Folder.
Modem Cables (for very old Macs w DIN-8 serial port)
Macintosh (Mini DIN-8) Serial Connectors (Mac Plus/1986 thru PowerMac
G3 Beige/1998)
Pin Name
Description/Notes
1 HSKo Output
Handshake (from Zilog 8530 DTR pin)
2 HSKi/Ext Clk Input Handshake
(CTS) or TRxC (depends on 8530 mode)
3 TxD– Transmit
Data line
4 Ground
5 RxD– Receive
Data line
6 TxD+ Transmit
Data line
7 GPi/DCD General Purpose Input
(not available on all models)
8 RxD+ Receive
Data line; ground this line to emulate RS232
Mac DIN-8 to DB-25 MODEM - Hardware Handshaking
Mac Modem
(DB-25)
1 (HSKout) -> 4 (RTS) & 20
(DTR)
2 (HSKin) <- 5 (CTS)
3 (TxD-) -> 2 (TxD)
4 (GND) <-> 7 (Signal Gnd)
5 (RxD-) <- 3 (RxD)
6 (TxD+) -- NONE
7 (GPi) <- 8 (DCD) - not
currently used by ZTerm
8 (RxD+) <- 7 (Gnd)
Note: Hardware handshaking cables may vary slightly. Pin 7 (GPi)
is not currently used and I don’t know how many off-the-shelf cables
have pin 7 connected. A hardware handshake cable does not need
pin 20 (DTR) on the modem connected to Mac pin 1 (in addition to pin 4
RTS), but most cables have this. If you are using hardware
handshake, you MUST remember to configure the modem to ignore the DTR
line, using AT&D0 (that's a zero).
Mac DIN-8 to MODEM - Typical Non-Hardware Handshaking
Mac Modem
(DB-25)
1 (HSKout) -> 20 (DTR)
2 (HSKin) <- 5 (CTS) & 8
(DCD)
3 (TxD-) -> 2 (TxD)
4 (GND) <-> 7 (Signal Gnd)
5 (RxD-) <- 3 (RxD)
6 (TxD+) -- NONE
7 (GPi) <- NONE
8 (RxD+) <- 7 (Gnd)
Resources
ZTerm does not save any of its settings in the ZTerm file. All
settings are stored in the PhoneList file. You can lock the ZTerm
application for some protection against viruses.
Binary File Type Detection
This really doesn't have much
value with OSX, because creator and type codes are deprecated.
When a file is received that is not in MacBinary format and is not
text, ZTerm will see if it is a known type. If it is, ZTerm will
set the appropriate creator and type. This is especially helpful
to those transferring files from other computer systems.
There is a resource which contains file creator and types, with
identifying information. If you are handy with ResEdit, you can
add additional types to this resource. The resource is STR#
335. Each string in the list is one binary type detector.
There are currently two types of detectors: type 0 looks for a
signature (a sequence of bytes at the start of the file), and type 1
which just looks at the end of the file name (eg, the extension if its
coming from ms-dos). Type 0 is the preferred kind, but some
binary files do not have a signature. I may add additional types
of detectors; if you have any ideas, let me know.
Each detector string begins with the detector type (0 or 1), then the 4
character creator, and the 4 character file type. Type 0 then
follows with the signature bytes (any length). You should try to
keep the signatures between 2 and 8 bytes. Type 1 follows with
the characters to match at the end of the file name (case insensitive).
Some examples:
For GIF files: 0BozoGIFfGIF8
For ARC files: 1arc*mArc.ARC
The first example will set binary files that start with GIF8 to creator
“Bozo” and type “GIFf”. The second example will set binary files
whose name ends with “.ARC” to creator “arc*” and type of “mArc”.
This is for ArcMac from DogStar Software.
The current detectors handle GIF, ZIP, ARC, ZOO and some Lotus, Excel
and Word file types. There are a lot more binary file types that
you might need to transfer to your Mac from other machines. If
you know the file signature or typical extension, and the appropriate
Mac creator/type, please let me know so I can put them in a later
release of ZTerm.
The default binary file type is normally a creator and type of
‘????’. This is used if the file does not match any of the binary
type detectors. You can change this in the General Preferences.
Sending Files as Binary
There is also a list of file types that should be uploaded as binary
files. This list is in STR# 330. Each string in the list is
a 4 character file type. The current list includes GIF, ZIP, ARC,
???? and zBIN files. TEXT files that have binary data in the
first 128 bytes are also sent as binary.
Sounds
ZTerm can play a sound for some events that occur while you are using
it. If the sounds are available, it will play a sound when you
connect to a service, when a file transfer completes or when the BELL
character is received. These sounds are optional. If the
sound with the right name is not available, it will just play the
normal beep. It looks for the sound by its name. The names
it looks for are 'connect', 'filedone' and 'termbell'. I have included
three sound files for system 7 as part of the ZTerm package that you
can use, or you can use some other sounds.
About the Author
I first started using computers when my brothers built a TVT video
terminal in the mid 70’s. We used it to call the university
computer system. Then we got an IMSAI 8080 with dual eight inch
floppy drives! I wrote a simple educational program in BASIC and
had it published in Kilobaud magazine. Just when I was ready to
buy a newer CP/M machine, the IBM PC came out and I got one. I
programmed and played with it for a few years. Then the Mac came
out and I had to get one. I started out programming in BASIC,
working on a disk sector editor, a hex resource editor, a disassembler
(my brother Bob did most of the disassembler part, I did the resource
stuff) and making mods to MacTEP for my own use. I wrote a
program called ReadLisa that could read diskettes from the LISA
computer and print or copy them to a Mac disk. This was useful
for developers because the early developer disks from Apple were Lisa
format floppy disks. I uploaded this and actually received three
payments for it.
I decided to write ZTerm because I spent a lot of time
telecommunicating, but I didn’t really like the software that was
available. Also, none at that time supported ZModem, which
appeared to be the best thing to be using. Thus began the
never-ending journey of ZTerm.
We now live in an old farmhouse (over 100 years old) in Maineville
Ohio. Its real close to the Kings Island amusement park and about
25 miles north of downtown Cincinnati. I have learned a lot about
different types of electrical wiring used in the last 80+ years!
Now its 2011 and one of the primary uses of a terminal program,
connecting to a BBS, is probably quite rare. ZTerm is still a
useful utility for configuring equipment (like routers) through a
serial port, performing tests on modem configuration, and connecting to
systems that are available through a dialup connection.